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1 Xerafim - João IV Goa mint
| Issuer | Casa da Moeda de Goa |
|---|---|
| Year | 1650-1652 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Hammered |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | A bold cross of Jerusalem occupying the central field, its four arms terminating near the inner circle and quartering the field into four sections. The date numerals are distributed one in each quadrant formed by the cross: 1 and 6 in the upper left and upper right, 5 and 0 in the lower left and lower right, together forming the mint year. The design is framed by a plain inner circle and an outer border of pellets, consistent with the hammered coinage style of the Goa mint. |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
João IV's Goa mint operated under chronic silver supply pressure throughout the 1640s and into the 1650s, partly a consequence of the Estado da India's shrinking commercial dominance as the Dutch tightened their grip on spice trade routes. The xerafim denomination was the backbone of Portuguese monetary circulation on the Subcontinent, accepted across Goa's markets and used to settle accounts with local merchants who largely distrusted the copper coinage.
The 1650–1652 window for this issue coincides almost exactly with João IV's death in November 1656 — close enough that dies prepared during this period may have continued striking under the regency before official re-attribution.