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| Issuer | Palatinate-Zweibrücken, Duchy of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1595 |
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| Diameter | 41 mm |
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| Obverse description | Armored bust of Duke John I of Palatinate-Zweibrücken facing right, wearing an elaborately decorated cuirass and a prominent ruff collar, with a short beard and mustache rendered in fine detail. The effigy is set within a raised inner circle, with the full circumferential legend in Latin occupying the broad outer border. The legend reads IOHA. DG. CO. PA. RH. DV. BA. COM. VEL. E. SPON., abbreviating his full titles as Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, and Count of Veldenz and Sponheim. The portrait is rendered in the robust late Renaissance style typical of South German thaler coinage of the late sixteenth century. A beaded inner border separates the portrait from the legend, and a dentilated rim frames the outer edge. |
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| Obverse lettering | IOHA. DG. CO. PA. RH. DV. BA. COM. VEL. E. SPON. |
| Reverse description | Elaborate quartered coat of arms of the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, displaying the Bavarian lozengy and the Palatinate lion among other heraldic quarters, surmounted by two ornate crested helmets with elaborate mantling. The shield is flanked by decorative foliate scrollwork in the high Renaissance manner. The circumferential Latin legend ILLVM(I). OCVL. - ME. - DOMINE., a devotional inscription meaning 'Enlighten mine eyes, O Lord' (Psalm 13:3), runs around the outer border, interrupted by the helmet crests. A beaded inner border and dentilated outer rim complete the design, consistent with the hammered thaler coinage of the Zweibrücken mint. |
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