Catalog
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| Issuer | England |
|---|---|
| Year | 1604-1616 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | ·IACOBVS·D·G·MAG·BRIT·FRA·ET·HIB·REX· XII (Translation: James by the Grace of God King of Great Britain, France and Ireland) |
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| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
James I's second coinage (1604–1619) introduced a revised portrait series that coincided with his sustained effort to project a unified British monarchy following the 1603 union of the English and Scottish crowns — a political ambition the coinage actively promoted but that Parliament repeatedly refused to formalize. The third bust within this issue is distinguished by a more refined, elongated face compared to its predecessors, a detail die specialists have used to sequence the coinage's chronology.
Silver quality during this reign was a persistent concern; assay records document recurring disputes between the Mint and bullion suppliers over sterling fineness.