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1 Rupee - Sher Shah Suri

Issuer Sur Empire
Year 1542-1544
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse description Central field bearing the Kalima shahada in bold Naskh calligraphy, with the Arabic profession of faith occupying the primary area of the flan. The marginal legend reads 'Sultan ul-Adil' (the Just Sultan) encircling the central inscription. The lettering is deeply struck in the hammered style characteristic of Sur Empire coinage, with flowing strokes filling the irregularly shaped flan. No figurative imagery is present, in accordance with Islamic numismatic tradition.
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Obverse lettering لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله / السلطان العادل
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Additional information

Sher Shah Suri introduced the rupee as a standardized silver coin during his reorganization of the Mughal revenue system following his defeat of Humayun at the Battle of Kanauj in 1540. The weight standard he fixed — roughly 178 grains of pure silver — survived him by centuries, becoming the direct ancestor of the colonial rupee and ultimately the modern Indian and Pakistani currencies. His entire reign lasted only five years before his death in a gunpowder accident at the siege of Kalinjar in 1545.

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