1 Rupee - Mahmud Shah Herat

Obverse description	Central field bearing a multi-line Arabic inscription in the traditional Naskh style, arranged in horizontal registers across the flan. The legend references the ruling authority of Mahmud Shah. Decorative floral or foliate ornaments frame the inscription above and below, characteristic of Afghan hammered coinage of the early 19th century. The coin exhibits the irregular, slightly squared flan typical of hand-struck rupees from the Herat mint.
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Obverse lettering	محمود شاه
Reverse description	Central field divided into registers bearing a multi-line Arabic inscription identifying the mint and regnal year, bordered by a linear frame. The mint name Herat (هرات) and the Hijri date appear prominently within the legend. Foliate or scrollwork ornaments are present in the lower segment of the flan, consistent with the artistic conventions of the Herat mint under Mahmud Shah. The hammered technique imparts a characteristically uneven surface and irregular outline to the coin.
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