1 Quattrino - Sixtus IV SANTVS PETRV
| Issuer | Viterbo (Papal States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1471-1484 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
| Value | 4 Deniers (1 Quattrino) (⅙) |
| Currency | Groschen (1188-1534) |
| Composition | Billon |
| Weight | 0.87 g |
| Diameter | 19 mm |
| Thickness | |
| Shape | Round (irregular) |
| Technique | Hammered |
| Orientation | Coin alignment ↑↓ |
| Engraver(s) | |
| In circulation to | |
| Reference(s) | Munt#64-65, Berman#481, MIR#481 |
| Obverse description | Papal coat of arms |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering |
·SIXTVS· – ·PP·IIII· (Translation: Sixtus 4th Pontiff of Pontiffs) |
| Reverse description | Saint Peter standing Lion below |
| Reverse script | Latin |
| Reverse lettering | ·SANTVS**– *PETRV’· |
| Edge | |
| Mint | |
| Mintage |
ND (1471-1484) - - |
| Numisquare ID | 1549683290 |
| Additional information |
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Historical Context: This 1 Quattrino was issued under Sixtus IV (Francesco della Rovere), Pope from 1471-1484. A pivotal High Renaissance figure, Sixtus IV expanded papal temporal power and was a significant patron of the arts, famously commissioning the Sistine Chapel. This billon quattrino from Viterbo, a key city within the Papal States, reflects the consolidation of papal authority. Such low-denomination coinage was vital for daily commerce, underscoring the economic realities of a politically and culturally transformative period in Italy.
Artistry: The engraver of this modest quattrino remains anonymous, typical for base metal issues. Its design reflects the functional Early Renaissance numismatic style of the Papal States. While lacking intricate detail, the prominent legend "SANTVS PETRV" likely refers to Saint Peter, patron saint of Rome and the papacy, either as an invocation or accompanying a simplified bust. The aesthetic prioritizes legibility of the legend and issuer over elaborate artistic flourishes, characteristic of utilitarian coinage of the period.
Technical/Grading: Struck in billon, this 19mm quattrino weighs 0.87 grams. For grading, collectors seek examples with full, clear legends, especially "SANTVS PETRV," and well-defined elements like the papal tiara or keys, or any simplified saintly effigy. Due to the billon composition and era's minting techniques, these coins often exhibit minor planchet flaws, weak strikes, or slight off-centering. Corrosion is also common, making well-preserved examples with strong strikes and minimal wear highly desirable.