Catalog
Why register? Just to keep bots out of our catalog. Your email stays private - we will never share it or send you anything uninvited. We guarantee you that!
| Issuer | Papal States |
|---|---|
| Year | 1513-1521 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 4 Deniers (1 Quattrino) (⅙) |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
| Reference(s) | Log in to see details |
| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
| Reverse lettering | SANCTVS PETRVS (Translation: Saint Peter) |
| Edge | Log in to see details |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | ND (1513-1521) - Heart-shaped shield - ND (1513-1521) - Plate shield - ND (1513-1521) - Semi-oval shield - |
| Additional information |
Leo X — born Giovanni de' Medici — was elected pope in March 1513 and almost immediately set about financing the completion of St. Peter's Basilica through the aggressive sale of indulgences. It was precisely that fundraising campaign, operating heavily in German territories, that provoked Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses in 1517. The small billon issues of his reign circulated through a Papal States already straining under the financial pressure of that construction program.
Billon coinage of this period was notoriously debased across Italian states, and Leo's issues are no exception by the standards of the type.