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1 Quattrino - Clement X Papal arms
| Issuer | Papal States (Ferrara Mint) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1675-1676 |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Papal coat of arms of Clement X (Emilio Altieri) displayed on a shield surmounted by the papal tiara and crossed keys of Saint Peter, all set within a circular legend. The shield bears the Altieri family device of six roundels arranged in two rows. The legend reads CLEMENS X PON MA, identifying the issuing pontiff. The design is characteristic of the hammered coinage of the Papal States in the late seventeenth century. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | • CLEMENS • X • PON • MA • |
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| Additional information |
Clement X, born Emilio Altieri at eighty years old when elected in 1670, governed largely through his cardinal-nephew Giovanni Francesco Albani — a arrangement that drew persistent criticism and complicated administrative continuity across the papal territories. Ferrara's mint operated under direct papal authority following the city's absorption into the Papal States in 1598 after the Este line died without legitimate heirs, making its coinage a deliberate assertion of temporal control over a formerly independent duchy.
The CNI references multiple die varieties across this type, suggesting active but brief production during the final years of Clement's pontificate before his death in July 1676.