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1 Pfennig - Bremen Heymann & Neumann
| Issuer | Heymann & Neumann, Bremen |
|---|---|
| Year | |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Milled |
| Orientation | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Octagonal reverse featuring an outer pearl border conforming to the eight-sided contour, with the legend 'KLEINGELDERSATZMARKE' arranged in a circular arc across the upper field. An inner rope or twisted-cord circle encloses the central field, where the large numeral '1' is struck in raised relief. Three five-pointed stars are evenly distributed along the lower arc between the inner rope border and the outer pearl rim, serving as decorative separators. |
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| Additional information |
Heymann & Neumann operated as a general merchant firm in Bremen, and like dozens of similar commercial houses across the German states in the mid-nineteenth century, they resorted to privately issued token coinage when small-denomination official currency grew scarce in local circulation. Bremen's position as a free Hanseatic city with its own monetary conventions made the interplay between official and merchant coinage particularly complicated in this period. Zinc was the cheapest practical metal for such issues, which explains its near-universal adoption by firms of this type.