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1 Pfennig - Ulrich III von Spanheim Stein
| Issuer | Carinthia, Duchy of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1256-1269 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Within a double beaded inner circle, a heraldic eagle displayed with spread wings occupies the central field, its head facing upward toward a crown or crescent finial at the top. Superimposed on the eagle's body is a cross pattee or crosslet, characteristic of the Spanheim dynastic iconography. Two additional heraldic creatures or lion-like figures flank the eagle's lower body symmetrically, rendered in the bold, schematized style typical of 13th-century Austrian and Carinthian bracteate-influenced pfennig coinage. The design is enclosed within a plain outer border, the flan exhibiting the characteristic irregular edge of a hammered medieval coin. |
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| Reverse description | The reverse shows a deeply impressed incuse or near-flat secondary impression consistent with hammered pfennig technique of the period. The central field displays what appears to be a stylized heraldic shield or panther motif, the Carinthian panther being a key symbol of the duchy, rendered in a schematic, bold manner. Surrounding the central device are curvilinear foliate or scroll-like decorative elements filling the field, enclosed within a circular border. The flan is characteristically irregular in outline, with the surface showing natural wear and metal flow typical of 13th-century hammered silver coinage. |
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| Additional information |
Ulrich III ruled Carinthia during a period of intense dynastic competition among the Spanheim successors, and his pfennigs were struck as regional fractions for local trade rather than ducal prestige — functional issues in a fragmented Alpine monetary zone where dozens of small minting authorities operated simultaneously. The Stein mint reference distinguishes this from Ulrich's other striking locations, a detail that matters considerably for attribution given how closely related the dies across his issues can appear.