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1 Pfennig - Jérôme Bonaparte
| Issuer | Westphalia, Kingdom of |
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| Year | 1808 |
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| Orientation | Medal alignment ↑↑ |
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| Obverse description | Crowned royal cipher of Jérôme Bonaparte, King of Westphalia, centrally positioned in the field. The interlaced monogram 'HN' (Hieronymus Napoleo) is surmounted by a royal crown. The design is unencircled, with no peripheral legend, presenting a clean and bold heraldic composition typical of Napoleonic-era minor coinage. |
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| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
The Kingdom of Westphalia was a Napoleonic construction — assembled from Hessian, Prussian, and Brunswick territories in 1807 and handed to Jérôme Bonaparte, Napoleon's youngest brother, who had no prior governing experience. The new kingdom required an entirely new coinage system built on French decimal principles, replacing the patchwork of German monetary traditions across the absorbed states. This Pfennig belongs to that first wave of issues establishing the regime's monetary infrastructure.
Jérôme's rule lasted only until 1813, when the kingdom collapsed following Napoleon's Russian disaster.