1 Pfennig - Göppingen F. and R. Fischer Metallwarenfabrik

F. & R. Fischer was among dozens of small German metalware manufacturers pressed into emergency token production during World War I, when the Reich's copper and nickel supplies were redirected to the war effort and municipal small change dried up almost entirely. These privately issued Kriegsnotgeld pieces were tolerated rather than sanctioned — a practical concession to the collapse of everyday commerce rather than any formal monetary policy.

Zinc was the material of last resort, corroding poorly in circulation and surviving badly in collections. The Menzel catalog cross-references two distinct numbering systems for this piece, suggesting some documentary uncertainty in the attribution history.