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1 Pfennig - Charles I Schmalkalden
| Issuer | Landgraviate of Hesse-Cassel (Hesse-Cassel) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1684 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Crowned interlaced royal cypher of Landgrave Charles I of Hesse-Cassel occupies the central field, surmounted by an elaborate beaded crown with multiple arches. The four digits of the date 1684 are divided by the monogram, with '16' to the left and '84' to the right, arranged in the field flanking the cipher. The striking is characteristically irregular, consistent with hammered coinage of the late seventeenth century. |
|---|---|
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| Mintage | 1684 |
| Additional information |
Hesse-Cassel's coinage in the 1680s operated under the shadow of ongoing French pressure on the Rhine territories, leaving the landgraviate's mints scrambling to maintain fractional silver supplies for daily commerce. Charles I ruled from 1670 until his death in 1730, and his earliest minor issues like this pfennig predate the significant military expenditures that would later define his reign — particularly the hiring out of Hessian troops, a revenue strategy that became a defining fiscal habit of his successors.