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1 Penny Worcestershire - Nail and Trace Manufactory / J. Forrest
| Issuer | Nail & Trace Manufactory / J. Forrest & Co. |
|---|---|
| Year | 1811 |
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| Value | 1 Penny (1⁄240) |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Draped bust of a female figure facing left, her hair gathered and tied with a ribbon, set within a beaded border. A circular legend encircles the effigy reading NAIL & TRACE MANUFACTORY, with the date 1811 appearing in the lower exergue. The design is executed in a plain, utilitarian style typical of provincial trade tokens of the early nineteenth century. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The denomination ONE PENNY TOKEN is inscribed in three lines across the centre of the field, enclosed within a wreath of laurel and oak tied at the base with a bow. The circular legend PAYABLE BY J.FORREST & Co. LYE FORGE runs around the periphery, separated by pellets. A beaded border frames the entire design. |
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| Additional information |
Issued under the Worcestershire Nail and Trace Manufactory operated by J. Forrest & Co., this token belongs to the dense wave of provincial copper coinage that flooded Britain after the Royal Mint's near-total withdrawal from small denomination production in the late eighteenth century. Nail and trace manufacturers were significant industrial employers in the West Midlands, and issuing tradeable copper tokens served the dual purpose of paying workers and keeping local commerce moving when regal copper was simply absent from circulation.
Davis 9 is among the documented varieties for this issuer. The weight — well above many contemporary pennies — reflects a deliberate effort to resist accusations of fraud, a charge that plagued lighter-struck issuers during parliamentary debates over suppressing the provincial token trade, which culminated in the Act of 1817.