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1 Penning - Harald Hardråde

Issuer Kingdom of Norway
Year 1047-1066
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse script Latin (uncial)
Obverse lettering + I IOI III
Reverse description Central design featuring a long voided cross with a sceptre or sword along the vertical axis, dividing the field into four quadrants, each containing a group of pellets arranged in triangular formation. The cross-and-pellet motif is typical of Anglo-Scandinavian penny types that influenced Norwegian coinage during the reign of Harald Hardråde. A surrounding legend in crude uncial Latin letters reads + HAROL IIIC I I I, referencing the king's name Harald. The flan is irregular and hand-cut, with a pierced hole at the right edge indicating post-mint use as an ornament or amulet. The strike is uneven, reflecting standard hammered production methods of the period.
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