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1 Mun Ho, il
| Issuer | Joseon (1392-1897) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1814 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Reverse description | Cast reverse displays four Chinese characters and a symbol arranged around the central square hole in cruciform fashion. The mint identifier 户 (Ho, Treasury Department / Hojo) appears at the top, the series number 一 (il, one) occupies the bottom position, a circle (○) is positioned at the left, and the numeral 一 (one) appears at the right. Together these elements identify the issuing authority as the Hojo (Board of Revenue / Treasury Department) and the furnace series as Series 1, consistent with Joseon minting conventions of the early nineteenth century. |
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| Mint | 户 Treasury Department (户曹 (Hojo)),modern-day Seoul, South Korea (1678-1883) |
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| Additional information |
The "Ho, il" designation identifies this piece as struck at the Hojo — the Board of Revenue — one of several competing government bureaus authorized to produce cash coins during the early nineteenth century in Joseon Korea. Bureau-struck coins of this period vary considerably in alloy quality and flan preparation, a direct consequence of decentralized production and inconsistent copper and zinc supplies reaching different casting facilities. The Hojo issues are generally better regulated than provincial military office strikes, though not uniformly so.
By 1814, mun coinage had been circulating continuously for over 150 years since its Injo-era reintroduction, yet chronic shortages and hoarding kept the monetary system under persistent strain.