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1 Mun; 1dot Tong Ho; To enter

Issuer Korea › Joseon (1392-1897)
Year 1806-1814
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Currency Mun (1392-1892)
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Obverse description The obverse displays four Chinese ideograms arranged around a central square hole in the classic Joseon cash coin format. Reading top to bottom in the vertical axis, the characters 常 and 平 spell 'Sangpyeong,' the name of the Joseon Dynasty's Constant Peace Agency (Sangpyeong-cheong). Reading right to left in the horizontal axis, the characters 通 and 寶 spell 'Tongbo,' meaning 'circulating currency.' The legends are rendered in regular script (kaishu) and occupy the four cardinal positions around the square perforation, set within a plain field.
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Reverse script Chinese (traditional, regular script)
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Additional information

The "To enter" designation in this series refers to coins struck for the Joseon military finance office, one of several competing government bureaus authorized to mint cash coinage in the early nineteenth century. Bureau proliferation during this period was itself a symptom of chronic fiscal stress — the central treasury repeatedly franchised minting rights to offset debt, flooding circulation with coins of inconsistent alloy and weight. The single dot (1dot) in the Tong Ho notation distinguishes the furnace or casting sequence within that bureau's production run.

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