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1 Mitqal - Humayun Agra mint

Issuer Mughal Empire
Year 1530-1556
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Composition Silver
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Obverse description Broad, irregularly shaped hammered flan bearing a multi-line Arabic inscription in bold Naskh/Nastaliq script arranged within the central field, with additional marginal legend encircling the perimeter. The calligraphic text, deeply struck with characteristic Mughal die engraving, includes the royal titles and Kalima references associated with Humayun's coinage. The script fills the field in a dense, overlapping arrangement typical of early Mughal silver issues, with no figural imagery present.
Obverse script Arabic
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Additional information

Humayun's reign was catastrophically interrupted in 1540 when Sher Shah Suri defeated him at the Battle of Kanauj, forcing the emperor into a fifteen-year exile across Persia and Afghanistan. Coins struck at Agra under his name therefore span two disconnected periods of actual control, and distinguishing pre-exile from post-restoration issues requires careful attention to die style and calligraphic execution rather than date alone.

The Agra mint was among the most active of the early Mughal series, yet Humayun's personal monetary policy remained underdeveloped compared to the systematic reforms his son Akbar would impose almost immediately after 1556.

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