1 Mahmudi - Ghalib

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Obverse script	Arabic
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Reverse description	Hammered copper flan of irregular round form. The central field bears a bold Arabic legend in large, crudely engraved characters occupying the majority of the flan. The inscription is set within a partial inner border formed by a beaded or denticled arc running along the upper portion of the coin. The lettering is deeply struck but uneven, with characteristic irregularities in letter form and spacing typical of primitive Hejazi mint production. The lower field and margins are worn and uneven, consistent with the hand-struck technique employed at the Mecca mint during the early nineteenth century.
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Additional information	The Sharifate of Mecca occupied an awkward position in 1806–1807: nominally under Ottoman suzerainty but increasingly squeezed by the expanding Wahhabi movement out of central Arabia, which had already raided Karbala in 1802 and would seize Mecca itself in 1806. Coinage attributable to Sharif Ghalib ibn Musa'id during this period reflects a local authority scrambling to assert legitimacy precisely when that legitimacy was most under threat. The Wahhabis occupied the city briefly before Ottoman forces eventually reasserted control, making the window for this issue exceptionally narrow.