1 Luigino - Marcello I

Seborga, a village of roughly 300 people in the Ligurian hills near Ventimiglia, has claimed independence from Italy since Giorgio Carbone revived the principality argument in 1963, basing it on a disputed 1729 land transaction the Savoys allegedly never properly completed. The luigino — named after Carbone himself, who ruled as Giorgio I until his death in 2009 — became the territory's symbolic currency, accepted by local businesses more as a novelty than a functioning monetary instrument. Marcello I succeeded Giorgio I following a local election in 2010.