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1 Karshapana - Ajatasatru

Issuer Magadha Kingdom (Janapadas (pre-Mauryan))
Year 592 BC - 370 BC
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Thickness 1 mm
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Obverse description Five punch marks distributed across the flat, irregularly shaped flan, each applied individually by a distinct die. The marks comprise the characteristic Magadha spoked-wheel symbol, an arc flanked by pellets, an arrow motif, a solar symbol, and a rectangular box enclosing five pellets arranged in a quincunx pattern. The symbols are impressed in shallow relief against the granular silver field, typical of the punch-marked coinage tradition of the Janapada period.
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Reverse description Plain, unworked flan with no devices, symbols, or inscriptions, consistent with the standard practice of early Indian punch-marked silver coinage of the Magadha Janapada period. The surface retains the natural texture of the hammered silver blank.
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Additional information

Ajatasatru, who seized the Magadhan throne around 492 BC by imprisoning and starving his own father Bimbisara, aggressively expanded the kingdom through nearly three decades of warfare — most notably a sixteen-year campaign against the Vajjian Confederacy, which he finally broke by deploying a catapult-like weapon and armed chariots described in Pali sources. The punch-marked karshapana issued under Magadhan authority during this period circulated across a trade network that stretched well into the Gangetic plain, financing both military logistics and the emerging urban economies of early northern India.

Attribution to specific rulers within the janapada punch-marked series remains genuinely difficult; the GH#126 designation anchors this piece to a symbol set associated with the Magadhan sequence, but individual reign attribution is still contested among specialists.

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