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1 Goldgulden - Edzard II and John
| Issuer | East Frisia |
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| Year | 1580-1590 |
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| Orientation | Medal alignment ↑↑ |
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| Obverse description | Central field depicts the ornate crowned coat of arms of East Frisia, featuring the Harlingerland eagle and elaborately rendered mantling or scrollwork supporters on either side, surmounted by a crowned helm with crest. The shield is rendered in high relief in the hammered goldgulden tradition. A circular Latin legend runs along the coin's periphery, abbreviated to read the names and titles of the joint counts Edzard II and John. The overall composition is characteristic of late sixteenth-century German territorial coinage, with bold, stylized decorative elements filling the field. |
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| Reverse description | The reverse displays a facing or three-quarter figure of the Imperial eagle, rendered in the hammered style typical of late Renaissance German goldguldens, with spread wings and orb or sceptre attributes visible. A crowned bust of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II appears above or within the eagle's breast shield, referencing the imperial authority granting the mint privilege. The surrounding Latin legend, abbreviated, cites Rudolf as Roman Emperor and records the public decree authorizing the coinage. The date, encoded in the legend or field, corresponds to the year of striking within the 1580–1590 series. |
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East Frisia's joint coinage under Edzard II and John reflects one of the more dysfunctional co-rulerships in Lower Saxon history. The brothers inherited the county together in 1561 and spent much of the following decades in open conflict over territorial partition, with control of the mint at Emden a recurring point of contention. That both names appear on this gulden at all is less a sign of cooperation than of legal obligation — imperial coinage rights were granted to the county, not to either count individually.
Kappelhoff 289 is among the scarcer attributions within this joint series, the decade-long date range suggesting irregular production rather than a sustained minting program.