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| Issuer | Mint of Bologna (Papal States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1403-1420 |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Central field depicts the rampant lion of Bologna, shown in profile facing right, crowned and holding a vexillum (standard bearing a pennant) in its right forepaw. The lion is rendered in the bold, stylised Gothic manner characteristic of late medieval Italian civic coinage. A circular Latin legend surrounds the central device, separated from the inner field by a beaded inner circle. The flan is irregular and slightly buckled, as is typical of hammered gold coinage of the period. |
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| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Bologna spent much of the early fifteenth century oscillating violently between papal obedience and outright revolt. This bolognino falls within the period of Giovanni I Bentivoglio's brief lordship and its bloody aftermath — Giovanni was murdered by a mob in 1402, and the city returned nominally to the Church, though factional control remained contested throughout the years this coin's production spans. The "anonymous" attribution reflects deliberate political ambiguity: no ruling lord's name appears, a calculated neutrality during years when proclaiming allegiance too loudly was genuinely dangerous.
Berman 293 places this firmly within the restored papal administration's coinage, cross-referenced by Chimienti 97.