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1 Giulio - Paul IV St. Paul, closed book
| Issuer | Papal States |
|---|---|
| Year | 1559-1565 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 3.07 g |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Edge | Plain |
| Mint | Log in to see details |
| Mintage | ND (1559-1565) |
| Additional information |
Paul IV — born Gian Pietro Carafa — was among the most severe figures to occupy the Chair of Peter in the sixteenth century, the architect of the Roman Ghetto in 1555 and a driving force behind the expansion of the Index Librorum Prohibitorum. His pontificate ended in such public contempt that a Roman mob destroyed the headquarters of the Inquisition and toppled his statue the day he died. Coins struck under him carry that charged atmosphere without advertising it.
The closed-book attribute on the reverse distinguishes this from the open-book variant, a difference captured in the Muntoni split at nos. 18–19.