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1 Giulio - Paul III Sword on shoulder
| Issuer | Papal States |
|---|---|
| Year | 1534-1549 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Shape | Round |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | ٠PAVLVS٠III٠ ٠PONT٠MAX٠ (Translation: Paul 3rd Supreme Pontiff) |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Paul III — Alessandro Farnese — was elected in 1534 after years as a cardinal whose advancement had been openly tied to his sister Giulia's relationship with Alexander VI. That personal history did nothing to diminish his authority; he convened the Council of Trent in 1545 and issued the papal bull authorizing the Jesuit order in 1540. The giulio itself was a denomination established under Julius II in the early sixteenth century, named for him, and by Paul's reign had become the backbone of papal silver coinage.
The sword-on-shoulder variant distinguishes this type within Berman's cataloging from the arm-extended version, a die distinction with genuine collector significance rather than mere academic interest.