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1 Giulio - Julius II St. Paul and Peter
| Issuer | Papal States |
|---|---|
| Year | 1503-1513 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Log in to see details |
| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Giuliano della Rovere took the papal throne as Julius II in 1503 already at war — not spiritually, but literally. He personally led armies into the field to recover the Papal States from Venetian and French encroachment, a fact that scandalized contemporaries and later prompted Erasmus to write his savage satirical dialogue Julius Exclusus, in which St. Peter refuses the warrior-pope entry to heaven. The giulio denomination itself takes its name from Julius II, who standardized it as part of a broader monetary reform that brought papal silver coinage into alignment with the major regional currencies of central Italy.