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1 Falus - Shams Muzaffar II
| Issuer | Gujarat, Sultanate of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1511-1525 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 11.2 g |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Three-line Arabic legend in the field recording the mint and regnal year, reading 'Duriba fi / Hadrat Ahmadabad / 922' (AH 922, corresponding to 1516 CE). The inscription occupies the full flan in broad Naskh characters, the mint name 'Ahmadabad' prominently centered. The flan is irregular and slightly convex, with areas of surface granularity and copper corrosion typical of hammered falus coinage struck at the Ahmadabad mint during the Gujarat Sultanate period. |
| Reverse script | Arabic |
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| Additional information |
Muzaffar Shah II ruled Gujarat at a moment of acute commercial disruption — Portuguese forces under Albuquerque seized Goa in 1510 and were actively raiding Gujarat's western shipping lanes throughout this coin's period of issue. The sultanate remained one of the wealthiest trading polities in the subcontinent, but its access to the Arabian Sea was increasingly contested, and Muzaffar spent much of his reign attempting diplomatic and military countermeasures against Lisbon's expanding Estado da India.
The falus occupied the lowest register of the Gujarati monetary hierarchy, used for local bazaar exchange while gold and silver moved the spice trade overhead.