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1 Falus - Shams al Din Muzaffar Shah III
| Issuer | Sultanate of Gujarat (Indian Sultanates) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1560-1573 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
| Reference(s) | GG#596 cat#12460 |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Reverse field bears a multi-line Arabic inscription contained within a rectangular cartouche or linear border, characteristic of Gujarat Sultanate copper coinage of the mid-sixteenth century. The legend, likely recording the mint name, regnal year, or Hijri date, is struck in Naskh script and shows moderate to heavy wear. The flan edges are irregular and slightly uneven, typical of hand-struck hammered issues of this period. Green cuprite patination covers much of the surface. |
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| Mintage | 967 (1560) - - ND (1560-1573) - - 968 (1561) - - 969 (1562) - - 970 (1563) - - 971 (1564) - - 972 (1565) - - 973 (1566) - - 974 (1566) - - 975 (1567) - - 976 (1568) - - 977 (1569) - - 978 (1570) - - 979 (1571) - - 980 (1572) - - 981 (1573) - - |
| Additional information |
Muzaffar Shah III was the last independent sultan of Gujarat, deposed by Akbar's Mughal forces in 1572 after a reign defined almost entirely by court instability and noble factionalism. He was briefly restored in 1583 following a Gujarati revolt, then finally deposed again — the sultanate effectively ended with him. Copper falus from this reign circulated through a province already being absorbed into the Mughal administrative machine, which makes the issuing authority on these pieces historically terminal rather than merely transitional.