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1 Falus - Shams al-dīn Muẕaffar III
| Issuer | Sultanate of Gujarat (Indian Sultanates) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1563-1564 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Struck in hammered copper with a bold, irregular flan, the obverse bears a multi-line Arabic inscription in the field reading 'Al-mu'ayyad-shams', executed in the cursive Naskh style characteristic of Gujarat Sultanate coinage. The legend, meaning 'the divinely supported, sun [of the faith]', fills the entire coin surface without a border, with raised letters showing considerable die wear and surface porosity consistent with the period's copper coinage. No geometric frame or decorative motif surrounds the inscription. |
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| Reverse description | The reverse presents a multi-line Arabic inscription in the field, reading 'Muẕaffar Shāh Shāh al-Sulṭān', proclaiming the royal titulature of Sultan Muzaffar III of Gujarat. Below or adjacent to the royal legend appears the regnal year '971' in Eastern Arabic numerals, corresponding to AH 971 (1563–1564 CE). The inscription is rendered in a bold, somewhat crude Naskh hand, covering the full flan in the manner typical of hammered base-metal issues of the Gujarat Sultanate, with no border or additional ornamental devices. |
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| Additional information |
Muzaffar III's reign was defined almost entirely by its dysfunction. He was placed on the throne as a puppet by the Mirzas — Mughal refugees who had fled Humayun's reconquest — and his authority never extended meaningfully beyond their permission. By the time this falus was struck, Gujarat was effectively controlled by competing factions of these displaced Mughal nobles, and Akbar was already watching the province with intent. He would invade and annex Gujarat in 1572, ending the sultanate entirely.