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1 Falus - Ghiyath Shah

Issuer Malwa Sultanate
Year 1496-1501
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Value 1 Falus
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Obverse description Irregular square flan bearing multiple lines of Arabic script in the naskh style, struck on a roughly prepared copper flan with uneven surfaces. The legends are arranged in horizontal registers across the field, with individual letter forms showing the characteristic bold strokes typical of Malwa Sultanate coinage. The strike is moderately clear at center with some weakness toward the edges, consistent with hand-hammered production. The overall design follows the epigraphic tradition of Sultanate-period coinage, with no figural imagery.
Obverse script Arabic
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Additional information

Ghiyath Shah ruled Malwa for over three decades, and his reign is better documented for its court culture — particularly his patronage of Persian poetry and a harem reportedly numbering in the thousands — than for its monetary policy. He effectively ceded administrative control to his son Nasir Khan well before his death in 1500, which complicates precise attribution of late-reign copper issues. Falus coinage from this terminal period is difficult to assign with confidence, as mint activity was inconsistent and die preparation less rigorous than under earlier sultans.

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