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1 Fals - Shah Malik b. Mubarak Banakath
| Issuer | United Qarakhanid Khaganate |
|---|---|
| Year | 1039 |
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| Currency | Dinar (840-1212) |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Arabic |
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| Reverse description | Central field displays a multi-line Arabic inscription in horizontal registers enclosed within a plain inner border, with a broad outer marginal legend running around the circumference. The central area contains the profession of faith referencing the Prophet Muhammad and the name of the Abbasid caliph al-Qadir Billah. The outer circular marginal legend carries the mint and date formula, recording the place of striking as Banakath and the AH date 430. The coin exhibits the irregular flan and bold but uneven strike characteristic of hammered Qarakhanid copper issues. The reverse layout conforms closely to contemporaneous Islamic fals typology. |
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| Additional information |
Shah Malik b. Mubarak ruled Banakath — a town on the Syr Darya in what is now Uzbekistan — as a local Qarakhanid governor during a period of intense factional fragmentation within the khaganate. By 1039 the unified structure was already fracturing into eastern and western branches, and subordinate rulers like Shah Malik were issuing copper fals under their own names as expressions of regional autonomy rather than central mandate. The copper fals, being the lowest-denomination everyday coinage, was precisely where local governors could assert presence without directly challenging dynastic authority at the top.