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1 Escudo - Carlos II Colonial Cob Coinage
| Issuer | Lima Mint |
|---|---|
| Year | 1696-1701 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | A bold Jerusalem cross with splayed terminals occupies the central field, its four arms dividing the design into four quadrants, each containing a single raised pellet or dot in the angles formed by the cross. The cross is encircled by four stylized C-scrolls or tressure lobes forming the characteristic quatrefoil border of Spanish colonial cob gold coinage, referencing the royal arms of Castile and León. The entire composition is contained within a beaded border and reflects the characteristic irregularity of the hammered cob technique, with the cross often slightly off-center on the planchet. |
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| Additional information |
Carlos II, the last Habsburg king of Spain, ruled in a state of near-continuous physical and mental incapacitation — his court physicians debated whether he was bewitched — yet the colonial mints kept striking gold throughout his reign. The Lima mint operated under considerable administrative pressure during these years, as the crown's financial demands on Peru intensified with each military entanglement in Europe.
Cob coinage from Lima in this final window of Carlos II's reign is complicated by assayer transitions. Identification often hinges on the assayer initial rather than the date, as full dates were rarely punched cleanly on these irregular flans.