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1 Escudo - Carlos II castles and lions
| Issuer | Spain |
|---|---|
| Year | 1686 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
| Shape | Log in to see details |
| Technique | Hammered |
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| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Quartered cross pattée dividing the field into four quarters, each bearing alternating castles and lions representing the kingdoms of Castile and León respectively, following the traditional Spanish macuquina (cob) design. A small crown appears at the center of the cross. The surrounding Latin legend HISPANIARVM·REX runs along the periphery, partially struck due to the irregular hammered flan. The overall design conforms to the standard macuquina type issued under Carlos II. |
| Reverse script | Log in to see details |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Carlos II, the last Habsburg king of Spain, ruled under regencies and court factions for most of his reign — a king so incapacitated by the genetic consequences of generations of dynastic inbreeding that real monetary policy was controlled by others. The cob-style gold coinage of this period was produced at multiple New World mints as well as Seville and Madrid, with quality and planchet preparation varying wildly between facilities. KM#47 does not isolate a single mint, and attributing a specific piece to one house requires assay marks and mintmaster initials.
Carlos died in 1700 without an heir, triggering the War of the Spanish Succession and ending Habsburg rule entirely.