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1 Dirham - Zufar Ziz
| Issuer | Kharijite dynasty |
|---|---|
| Year | 791-795 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Central field bears multiple lines of Arabic religious inscription arranged in horizontal registers, characteristic of the Abbasid-influenced dirham format adopted by the Kharijite rulers. The script is rendered in an early Kufic style, with bold strokes and angular letterforms typical of late 2nd-century AH coinage. A marginal legend encircles the central inscription panel, separated by a linear border. The die work is irregular and somewhat crude, reflecting provincial hammered production. The overall layout follows the epigraphic tradition established by the Umayyad and early Abbasid monetary reforms. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse presents multiple horizontal lines of Arabic Kufic inscription occupying the central field, arranged in parallel registers in the standard reformed dirham format. A dotted or linear marginal border frames the central text panel, with a marginal legend visible around the periphery. The strike is off-center and uneven, consistent with hand-hammered provincial minting of the period. The lettering style is angular early Kufic, with some letters showing wear and weakness due to die misalignment. A short inscription or mint/date formula appears in the lower portion of the field. |
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| Additional information |
Zufar ibn 'Isa al-Hawwari led one of the more tenacious Ibadi Kharijite holdouts in the Jazira region, minting coins at the obscure mint of Ziz — likely in the Maghreb — during a period when Abbasid authority in peripheral territories was stretched thin. The Ibadi movement, distinct from the violent Azariqa faction, maintained a quietist but politically active posture, and coin production was a deliberate assertion of independent governance rather than mere economic necessity.
Album's attribution A#A433 places this squarely among the rarest provincial Islamic silver types from the late 2nd century AH.