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1 Dirham - Ahmad b. Mansur Bukhara

Issuer United Qarakhanid Khaganate
Year 1018
Type Standard circulation coin
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Reverse description Central field presents a four-line Arabic inscription in Kufic script reading 'Lillah / Muhammad rasul Allah / Ahmad ibn Mansur' (To God / Muhammad is the Messenger of God / Ahmad son of Mansur), naming the local Qarakhanid ruler Ahmad b. Mansur as issuing authority. Below the central inscription, the name of the Abbasid caliph al-Qadir Billah is cited in acknowledgment of suzerain authority. The outer marginal legend contains the Quranic verse (Rum 30:4–5) 'Lillahi al-amr min qabl wa min ba'd wa yawma'idhin yafrah al-mu'minun bi-nasr Allah', inscribed in angular Kufic around the full circumference. The reverse exhibits the same hammered, irregularly shaped flan as the obverse, consistent with contemporary Qarakhanid mint practice at Bukhara.
Reverse script Arabic
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Mintage 409 (1018)
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