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1 Dinar - Ghiyath al-Dunya wa'l-Din Mahmud
| Issuer | Qarakhanid Dynasty, Tirmidh mint |
|---|---|
| Year | 1212 |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Central field occupied by a multi-line Arabic Kufic-style inscription arranged in four or five horizontal lines, bearing the name and titles of the ruler Ghiyath al-Dunya wa'l-Din Mahmud. The inscription is bold and angular, characteristic of the late Qarakhanid epigraphic style. An inner beaded or rope border frames the central legend, with a marginal circular inscription running along the outer rim of the coin in smaller script. The flan is irregular and slightly uneven, typical of hammered gold coinage of the period. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | غياث الدنيا والدين محمود |
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| Additional information |
The Qarakhanid dynasty was in terminal decline by 1212, squeezed between the Khwarazmian Empire to the west and the encroaching power that would shortly resolve into the Mongol conquests. Ghiyath al-Din Mahmud's laqab — "Succorer of the World and the Faith" — was the kind of grandiose titulature rulers clung to precisely when actual power was slipping. Tirmidh, sitting on the Oxus, was a prosperous commercial node and one of the last mints still functioning under Qarakhanid authority in these years.
Within roughly a decade of this striking, the city was sacked by Genghis Khan's forces in 1220.