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1 Cash - Xianping Yuanbao, Tin imitation

Issuer Malay peninsula
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Diameter 22.89 mm
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Reverse description Plain, featureless reverse with a central square perforation aligned with the obverse. The broad, flat field between the square hole and the outer rim is entirely blank and undecorated, as is typical of Song-type cash coin imitations produced on the Malay peninsula. The surface displays a coarse, pitted texture with grey-green patina resulting from tin oxidation and age.
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Additional information

These tin cash pieces were produced by local Chinese merchant communities across the Malay peninsula as a practical solution to chronic small-change shortages, filling a gap that neither the colonial administrations nor distant imperial mints addressed. The Song dynasty prototype — the Xianfeng Yuanbao struck under Emperor Zhenzong from 998 AD — lent the design enough recognizable authority to circulate among communities that trusted the form even when the issuing hand was purely local and commercial.

Tin was the obvious material: the peninsula had it in abundance, and smelting it required no sophisticated infrastructure.