1 Cash - Kaiping yuanbao, Tin imitation

These tin "cash" imitations circulated across the Malay peninsula as a practical response to chronic shortages of Chinese copper cash, which underpinned petty trade throughout the region. Local rulers and merchants sanctioned — or simply tolerated — their production, and the casting quality varied enormously depending on whether a Chinese craftsman or a local foundry was responsible. Tin, abundantly mined in the peninsula, made the substitution economically logical even if metallurgically inferior.

The Kaiping reign period dates to 907–911 AD, the founding era of the Later Liang dynasty — making any authentic prototype already an antique by the time these peninsula copies entered circulation.