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1 Cash - Hongwu Tongbao

Issuer Ministry of Revenue, Ming Dynasty
Year 1368-1393
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Reference(s) Hartill#20.57, FD#1895, Schjoth#1137
Obverse description Cast bronze cash coin featuring four Chinese characters in regular script (kaishu) arranged in cruciform reading order around a central square hole: 洪 (top), 通 (right), 武 (bottom), 寶 (left), reading 洪武通寶 — 'Hongwu Tongbao' (Circulating Treasure of the Hongwu era). The characters are rendered in bold, deeply cast strokes within a plain field, framed by a raised inner square rim surrounding the hole and a raised outer circular rim. The overall style is characteristic of early Ming dynasty cast coinage, with robust, slightly irregular calligraphy consistent with sand-mould casting techniques of the period.
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Obverse lettering 洪武通寶
Reverse description Plain reverse field with a central square hole surrounded by a raised square inner rim and a raised outer circular rim. The field is entirely uninscribed and undecorated, displaying the characteristic flat, textured surface of sand-cast Ming dynasty bronze coinage. No mint mark or additional legend is present on this standard issue.
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