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1 Cash - Chongzhen Tongbao, southern type, Hu
| Issuer | Ministry of Revenue Mint (戶部局), Ming Dynasty |
|---|---|
| Year | 1630-1644 |
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| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Cast |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Cast brass cash coin with a single Chinese character 戸 (Hu) positioned above the central square perforation, denoting the Ministry of Revenue (Hubu) mint. The character is rendered in regular script with moderately defined strokes. The field is otherwise plain, bounded by a raised outer rim, with no additional marks or decorative elements, consistent with Hartill type 20.309. |
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| Mint | Ministry of Revenue Mint (戶部局), Nanjing, China (1599-1644) |
| Mintage | Log in to see details |
| Additional information |
The Ministry of Revenue Mint in Beijing operated under intense fiscal pressure during the Chongzhen reign, as the dynasty simultaneously fought the Manchu threat from the north and suppressed internal rebellions led by Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong. Emergency mintings were authorized repeatedly through the 1630s, producing a proliferation of local subtypes distinguished by workshop characters — the 戶 (Hu) mark here denoting the Revenue bureau's own furnaces rather than provincial output.
Chongzhen personally ordered several currency reforms attempting to stabilize purchasing power, all of which failed. Li Zicheng entered Beijing in April 1644; the mint ceased operations days later.