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1 Cash - Chongzhen Tongbao, northern type, Lu
| Issuer | Empire of China |
|---|---|
| Year | 1630-1644 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Orientation | Medal alignment ↑↑ |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Chinese (traditional, regular script) |
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| Mintage | ND (1630-1644) - Hartill#20.285: Lu above - ND (1630-1644) - Hartill#20.287: Lu below - |
| Additional information |
The Chongzhen emperor's reign was defined by simultaneous catastrophes: Li Zicheng's rebel armies pushing south, Manchu forces breaching the northern frontier, and a treasury so depleted that provincial mints were instructed to fund their own operations. The "Lu" mint mark identifies production in Shandong, one of several northern provincial facilities activated under emergency fiscal decentralization during the 1630s. Chongzhen hanged himself on Coal Hill as Li Zicheng's forces entered Beijing in 1644, ending both the reign and Ming coinage in a single morning.