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1 Carlino - Adrian VI Anonymous

Issuer Bologna (Papal States)
Year 1522-1523
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Diameter 23 mm
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Obverse description Central quartered shield bearing the arms of Bologna, divided into four quadrants each displaying the word LIBERTAS in Gothic lettering, surmounted by a decorative cross above the shield's chief. The escutcheon is rendered in a late-medieval heraldic style with bold relief. The circular legend BONONIA DOCET surrounds the shield, reading clockwise along the coin's periphery. The overall composition reflects the civic pride of the Commune of Bologna, asserting its traditional liberties under Papal suzerainty. The field is plain and the die workmanship is characteristic of early sixteenth-century Italian hammered coinage.
Obverse script Latin
Obverse lettering BONONIA DOCET LIBERTAS
(Translation: Bologna teaches Freedom)
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