1 Asper - Muhammad Khan

Historical Context: This 1 Asper, issued by the Genoese colony of Caffa between 1435 and 1447, signifies a turbulent era in the Black Sea. The "Muhammad Khan" inscription reflects Caffa's complex political landscape, acknowledging nominal suzerainty of a Golden Horde ruler or local Tatar authority. This period marked the Golden Horde's decline and the rise of the Crimean Khanate, with Caffa strategically navigating these powers to secure its vital trade and economic interests.

Artistry: The asper's design reflects Caffa's practical, multicultural mint. Lacking specific engraver attribution, the stylistic school is utilitarian colonial, likely executed by local artisans. Obverse and reverse typically feature calligraphic inscriptions, bearing Muhammad Khan's name and possibly mint details, rendered in a functional yet elegant script characteristic of Islamic-influenced coinage. Such designs prioritized legibility and authority over elaborate iconography, consistent with small denomination silver issues.

Technical/Grading: Struck in silver, weighing 0.9 grams and measuring 16 millimeters, the Caffa asper exhibits characteristics common to small, rapidly produced medieval coinage. High-points for preservation assessment typically include the central elements of the calligraphic legends, which are often the first to show wear or weakness. Technical strike qualities frequently reveal irregular flans, off-center strikes, and variable pressure, leading to partial legends or indistinct details. A well-centered strike with clear legends on both sides is exceptional.