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1 AE Dirham - Ibrahim b. Muhammad Bukhara
| Issuer | Western Qarakhanid Khaganate |
|---|---|
| Year | 1146 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Central field bearing a multi-line Arabic kufic inscription arranged within a decorated square or rectangular cartouche, surmounted by a trefoil or foliate ornament at the top. The inscription, typical of Qarakhanid coinage, contains the ruler's name and titles. A circular marginal legend in Arabic script runs along the inner border, partially visible despite wear and flan irregularities. The overall die style is characteristic of 12th-century eastern Islamic hammered copper coinage, with bold angular lettering and minimal figural decoration. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Central field with a multi-line Arabic inscription set within a plain or lightly decorated border, presenting the mint name Bukhara, regnal titles, and religious formulae typical of Qarakhanid fals coinage. A marginal circular legend in Arabic script encircles the central panel, though portions are weak or off-flan due to the irregular planchet. The die workmanship reflects the provincial hammered copper tradition of Transoxiana in the mid-12th century, with angular Kufic letterforms and a hierarchical text layout. |
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| Mintage | 541 (1146) |
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