Catalog
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| Issuer | Portuguese India |
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| Year | 1598-1621 |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Central field bears the crowned Portuguese royal shield, displaying the characteristic quinas (five escutcheons) arrangement, surmounted by a royal crown of ornate design. The shield is flanked by the letters P and T, denoting the mint and denomination. The surrounding border features the Latin legend composed of cross-separated initials reading +F+II+R+P, identifying the issuing monarch Felipe II of Portugal. The coin is struck on an irregular flan by the hammered technique, typical of colonial Goa mint production of the period. |
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| Reverse description | Central field displays a bold plain Latin cross rising from a decorative foliate base, all set within a double linear circle. The four initials I, H, S, and V are disposed in the quarters formed by the surrounding legend, representing the Christogram motto In Hoc Signo Vinces. Small cross ornaments appear between the legend letters at the cardinal points of the border. The overall design reflects the Counter-Reformation religious imagery widely employed on Portuguese colonial coinage of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
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