1/2 Real - Carlos III arms

Carlos III inherited the Spanish throne in 1759 after ruling Naples for two decades, and his accession triggered a sweeping reform of colonial minting practices. The Lima Mint — one of the oldest operating mints in the Americas — was under pressure throughout this period to standardize output, though cob-era inconsistencies in the half real denomination persisted well into the 1760s. These small-denomination silvers circulated heavily in everyday Peruvian commerce, handling transactions that larger macuquinas never reached.

The series ends in 1772 with the introduction of the milled coinage reform that would standardize the entire colonial silver system.