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1/2 Penny - John Second 'DOMinus' Coinage, Dublin

Issuer Ireland
Year 1190-1198
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse script Latin
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Reverse description A voided short cross potent occupying the full field, dividing the design into four quarters, each containing a prominent annulet. The cross limbs terminate in potent (crutch-shaped) ends and are boldly struck, creating a strong geometric composition typical of the Angevin cross-and-pellet reverse type. The surrounding legend, reading clockwise, identifies the moneyer and mint. The flan is irregularly shaped and slightly ragged at the edges, consistent with hand-cut hammered coinage of the period.
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Additional information

John held the Lordship of Ireland from 1177, granted by his father Henry II, but it was not until the early 1190s that his Dublin mint began producing a coinage of any substance. The 'DOMinus' designation — Lord, not King — precisely dates this issue to before 1199, when John's accession to the English throne changed his title and, with it, the coin's inscription. That constitutional detail makes the die evidence critical for precise dating within the 1190–1198 window.

Dublin was the dominant mint for this series, though Kilkenny and Downpatrick also struck pieces under the same authority.

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