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1/2 Penny - Edward I Second coinage, Class I, Dublin

Issuer English Crown (for Ireland)
Year 1279-1284
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse script Latin
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Reverse description Long cross extending to the coin's edge, dividing the reverse into four quarters, each containing three pellets arranged in a triangular grouping — a design feature diagnostic of the Dublin mint Class I issue. The cross and pellet arrangement follows the standard Edwardian type introduced by the monetary reforms of 1279. The mint legend is distributed across the four quadrants of the reverse field, reading CIVITAS DUBLINIE in abbreviated form around the long cross.
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Additional information

Edward I's Irish recoinage of 1279 was a deliberate administrative intervention — the existing currency had been so heavily clipped and debased that trade was collapsing in the Dublin markets. The Crown recalled and restruck at a uniform standard, with Dublin operating as the principal Irish mint under appointed wardens answerable directly to the English exchequer. Class I pieces are distinguished from later classes by their rounder, more carefully produced flans, a byproduct of the stricter early supervision that loosened as the recoinage volume ramped up.