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1/2 Falus - Mahmud Shah II
| Issuer | Malwa Sultanate |
|---|---|
| Year | 1510-1530 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Shape | Square (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse of this hammered copper half-falus presents a two-line Arabic inscription within the square field, reading 'Al-Sultan / bin / Al-Sultan', affirming the dynastic legitimacy of the issuer. The legend is disposed across the available field in a bold, provincial hand consistent with Malwa Sultanate copper coinage of the early sixteenth century. The flan is irregular at the edges, a common characteristic of hammered provincial issues of this type. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
The Malwa Sultanate's copper coinage from Mahmud Shah II's reign falls within one of the more turbulent periods of the sultanate's decline — his rule was repeatedly destabilized by Rajput pressure from Mewar under Rana Sanga, culminating in a decisive Rajput victory at Gagron in 1519 that effectively reduced Malwa to a subordinate power. Low-denomination copper fractions like this half falus were the workhorse of local bazaar trade, rarely traveling far from their issuing region.
DR#3159 places this among a documented series, though attribution of Malwa copper fractions remains notoriously difficult due to inconsistent die workmanship across the mints at Mandu and Chanderi.