1/2 Denier - John Jacob Trivulzio

Trivulzio acquired the Lordship of Mesocco in 1487 after the Sforza-aligned Sax family sold it to cover debts — a transaction that briefly made one of Milan's most powerful condottieri also a petty feudal coin-issuing authority in the Graubünden Alps. The coinage he struck there was purely local in reach, circulating in a valley economy largely indifferent to the broader Italian monetary wars he spent his career fighting.

The half denier at this weight sits at the absolute floor of medieval copper coinage utility.